Different Stages Of Cell Division - 1139 Words

1) Cell division is typically explained through the progression of 4 distinct phases, G1, S, G2, and M, and can be tracked through CDK complex concentration ranges. CDKs are cyclin-dependent kinases, which regulate the cell cycle of eukaryotic cells; as suggested by the name, protein kinases are an enzyme that is dependent on cyclin for the regulation of cell division through the addition of phosphate groups. The different stages of the cell cycle correlate with different levels of cyclin and act as a threshold that once reached, triggers a phase transition. For example, for a cell to move out of G2 phase into M phase, Cyclin B interacts with the CDK1 complex, and causes phosphorylation to stimulate the phase shift; however, if the stage is not complete, the whole process slows down to accommodate the discrepancy in CDK complexes (Nelson Education, figure 9.17, page 191). This can be caused by several things, such as the presence of damaged or deformed DNA, or externally through con tact inhibition, where a delay in phase shift is caused by partial or incomplete contact of all cells. If there is only partial cell contact, contact inhibition will typically prevent progression past the G1 phase until there is complete cell contact, which can be reflected in variable levels of the CDK complex(Nelson Education, page 191). Overall, CDK regulates cell division through the combination of CDK and cyclin, the activation of protein via a phosphate group that triggers a phase change,Show MoreRelatedBiology Mitosis Lab1242 Words   |  5 PagesAP BIOLOGY- Mitosis and Meiosis Cell Division Lab Part 1-MITOSIS summary: In this experiment first the stages of an onion cell undergoing mitosis are going to be observed and every stage is going to be detected and drawn on paper. A brief description to what is going on should be attached to the pictures. This is important to understand the basics of cell division which is necessary growth,repairRead MoreComparing Mitosis and Meiosis Essay1218 Words   |  5 Pagessignificance Modern cell theory states that all cells are derived from other cells. This means cells must have a way of copying themselves. This is cell division; two types of cell division are Meiosis and Mitosis. The comparison will be between Meiosis 1 and Mitosis, because Meiosis 2 is much the same as Mitosis. Dividing cells have a regular pattern of events, known as the cell cycle. This cycle may be divided into two basic parts; The Interphase and the actual division (Meiosis / Mitosis)Read MoreInterview Sixth Grade Life Science Students On The Topic Of Cell Division1288 Words   |  6 Pageson the topic of cell division. Because I teach at a magnet junior high/ high school within Toledo Public students, the students I teach in the seventh grade are coming from a variety of different elementary schools both in and out of the district. This results in a wide variety of prior content knowledge in science. Based on the Ohio New Learning Standards for Science, in the sixth grade, students are introduced to the idea of mitosis and that cells come from pre-existing cells. However, basedRead MoreTypes Of Cell Division First Go Through Interphase Essay1587 Words   |  7 Pages Cell division Both types of cell division first go through interphase which has three stages. The cell grows in the G1 stage. It copies all of its chromosomes during the S phase, the two copies of the chromosomes are held together by the centromere resulting in an X shape. The last stage is preparing for division which is called G2 phase. After this is starts to divide in either mitosis or meiosis. Mitosis- the typical process of nuclear division in eukaryotic cell. †¦ results in two identicalRead MoreResearch on the Cell Cycle of an Onion Root Tip701 Words   |  3 PagesIntroduction: Cell cycle is a series of sequenced events in a Eukaryotic (a cell with a nucleus and membrane-bounded organelles) from its origin until its division to produce two daughter cells. There are different forms of cell division: mitosis: an asexual division that produces daughter nuclei with the exact copies of the parent nuclei and Meiosis; cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes to produce specialized cells called gametes (sex cells) that produces half the number of chromosomeRead MoreUsing Garlic Root Tips to Observe Mitosis1030 Words   |  5 PagesMitosis is a cellular process that replicates chromosomes and produces two identical nuclei in preparation for cell division, from the original cell two cells are derived, each of which possesses the same genetic material. Mitosis has five phases: interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase. Interphase The DNA duplicates during interphase to prepare for mitosis. Chromosomes are not clearly discerned in the nucleus . Prophase Chromatin in the nucleus begins to condense and becomes visibleRead MoreMitosis and Meiosis Practical Report1451 Words   |  6 Pages| CELLULAR DIVISION AND REPLICATION WITHIN MITOSIS AND MEIOSIS ABSTRACT The processes of mitosis and meiosis were examined along with their frequency as well as each of the different steps and their time duration. It was found that the interphase stage of both mitosis and meiosis was the longest of all the stages as this was where most of the ‘action’ was happening such as cell growth and duplication of all cell organelles and chromosome replication also. It was also found that mitosis andRead MoreSummary of Inheritance: Sex-Linked Traits and Meiosis772 Words   |  3 Pages Introduction Meiosis is reported to produce four genetically varied gametes (eggs or sperm cells) out of a diploid cell. (Hartwell, 2006, p.1) The diploid cell contains a full set of chromosome pairs with each pair being inclusive of one chromosome from each parent. While the chromosome pairs are not identical in nature, they are homologous or equivalent chromosomes since they contain different gene alleles. I. The Process The chromosomes are replicated and each is reported to comprise twoRead MoreNotes On Osmosis And Diffusion1563 Words   |  7 Pagestypes of nuclear division, mitosis and meiosis. Mitosis is usually used for the growth and replacement of somatic cells, while meiosis produces the gametes or spores used in an organism’s reproduction. Mitosis is the first of these studied in this lab. It is easily observed in cells that are growing at a rapid pace such as whitefish blastula or onion root tips, which are used in this lab. The root tips contain an area called the apical meristem that has the highest percentage of cells undergoing mitosisRead MoreTypes Of Nuclear Division, Mitosis And Meiosis1559 Words   |  7 Pagestypes of nuclear division, mitosis and meiosis. Mitosis is usually used for the growth and replacement of somatic cells, while meiosis produces the gametes or spores used in an organism’s reproduction. Mitosis is the first of these studied in this lab. It is easily observed in cells that are growing at a rapid pace such as whitefish blastula or onion root tips, which are used in this lab. The root tips contain an area called the apical meristem that has the highest percentage of cells undergoing mitosis

Essay about Emily Dickinson Because I Could Not Stop For...

Emily Dickinson â€Å"Because I Could Not Stop For Death† nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Being one of the most respected poets in American history, Emily Dickinson has inspired writers for nearly two centuries. Because she had a severe sickness that led her to return home from the female seminary that she was studying at, you can see in her writing the loneliness that she reflects into her poetry. Though this loneliness is apparent, there is also left the possibility for happiness somewhere down the road. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;â€Å"Because I could Not Stop for Death† is one of Emily Dickinsons most discussed and famous poems due to its unique view on the popular subject of death. Death in this poem is told as a womans last trip, a trip†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Because I Could Not Stop for Death† starts to gives the reader a feeling of gradual movement throughout the second and third groups and verses. In line 5, Dickinson seems to contradict her own writing as she writes, â€Å"We slowly drove-He knew no haste.† This seems to be a two person point of view where to her they were moving slowly, though she says, â€Å"He knew no haste,â€Å" this seems to say that though she feels as though they are moving quite slowly that he is moving very intent and fast towards their ultimate destination. The third group of verses seems to hasten the journey as she gives examples of death, immortality, and youth as death and the woman pass the children playing. T hrough mentioning the children she seems to convey that this journey that she is on is a birth into a new life and she will be young once again. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; The flow of the poem becomes faster as the woman gets closer and closer to her final destination, where the tone of the poem becomes more sorrowful, but then in the last four lines she gives the reader a glimpse of hope. In these verses the poem seems to slow down as Dickinson writes, â€Å"Since the-tis-Centuries-and yet/ Feels shorter than the day/ I were first surmised the Horses’ Heads/ Were toward eternity.† The reader is given a feeling that life has ended and that she is going peacefully through eternity. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Death to some people is the ultimate fear, some people cannot wait forShow MoreRelatedBecause I Could Not Stop Death By Emily Dickinson989 Words   |  4 PagesThe poem â€Å"Because I Could Not Stop Death† by Emily Dickinson is one of my favorite poems since high school. I chose this poem due to the fact that that Emily Dickinson is one of my favorite poets, I personally love her dark, and mysterious poems. Indeed, people believed she was a little messed up in the head, but I believe she was just misunderstood. Additionally, this poem definitely brought back terrifying memories. When couple years ago, I got into a horrible car accident with a drunk driver,Read MoreBecause I Could Not Stop For Death By Emily Dickinson2108 Words   |  9 PagesChristopher Powei Chang English 1B Gary Hayward 2016/8/2 â€Å"Because I Could Not Stop for Death† by Emily Dickinson According to â€Å"poets.org†, Emily Dickinson is a famous American Poet Romantic period, in her poems published in 1775, with the theme of death as much as about 600. Song or express these fearless in the face of death when death, with death or express romantic counterparts, express or memorial for the dead, or alive express nostalgia and so forth. This article will use the cognitive poeticRead MoreEmily Dickinson s `` Because I Could Not Stop For Death `` Essay1355 Words   |  6 PagesModernism for Emily Dickinson has to do with the uncertainty. Emily Dickinson was a somber thinker who doesn’t try to enlighten anyone of anything. Her poems were uniquely written and she wrote about the uncertainty, which makes her poetry easy to empathize with in the 21st century. The 21st century, is a period of science which is used as a tool to make sense of the uncertainty. Emily Dickinson uses her poetry as a means to question and observe the trauma of human existence. For inst ance, she doesn’tRead MoreEmily Dickinson s Because I Could Not Stop For Death867 Words   |  4 Pagesthe idea of death, many thoughts can come to mind. These thoughts can include peaceful, scary, inevitable, cold, and many other things. Being one of the only female poets of her time, Emily Dickinson is a profound writer and her poems are intricate works of art. In her poem, â€Å"Because I Could Not Stop For Death,† Dickinson uses strong diction and imagery to describe the intimacy an individual has with death when it is encountered. Emily Dickinson’s poem, â€Å"Because I Could Not Stop For Death,† is a poemRead More Because I could Not Stop for Death by Emily Dickinson Essay1271 Words   |  6 PagesEmily Dickinson was born in Amherst, Massachusetts, on December 10, 1830. Except for a few months of travel, she remained in Amherst until her death. Dickinson began, in her twenties, a gradual retreat into the confines of the homestead, the house in which she was born, until for the last fifteen years of her life she didnt leave its grounds and saw no one but her brother and sister. As her withdrawal intensified, Emilys principal method of communication was through her letters. Emily DickinsonRead MoreEmily Dickinson s `` Because I Could Not Stop For Death ``762 Words   |  4 PagesEmily Dickinson concentrates many of her poems on the theme of death, predominantly her own. These â€Å"poems about death confront its grim reality with honesty, humor, curiosity, and above all a refusal to be comfort ed (â€Å"Emily Dickinson 1830-1886† 1659). While this was not an out of the ordinary topic during the American Romantic era, Dickinson seemed near obsessive in her focus. Additionally, Dickinson seems questionable in her thoughts on religion, another theme popular during the American RomanticRead MoreBecause I Could Not Stop for Death by Emily Dickinson Essay651 Words   |  3 PagesBecause I Could Not Stop for Death by Emily Dickinson Emily Dickinsons poem Because I Could Not Stop For Death, is an interesting composition of the English language which commands respect and critical examination. This literary work deals with mortality and retrospect of ones life. It begins with the speakers recollection of the day she died, now viewed from the level of eternity. She is looking back on how things used to be, almost with a sense of completion, as if herRead MoreEmily Dickinson s `` Because I Could Not Stop For Death ``1088 Words   |  5 PagesEmily Dickinson Emily Dickinson’s poems are shorter than most, but that does not mean that they lack depth or skill. Dickinson uses many brilliant literary techniques in her poetry such as allusions, personification, juxtaposition, metaphors and so many others. Her unique use of symbolism throughout her poems really makes the reader think twice on what they are reading. And since the majority of her poems are short, it makes it easier to reread the poem numerous times. In Emily Dickinson’s PoemRead MoreEmily Dickinson s Because I Could Not Stop For Death1751 Words   |  8 Pages Outlook on Death in Dickinson’s â€Å"Because I Could Not Stop for Death† Death is considered by many to be the heartbreaking end of life; the moment when one is bound to hopelessness, to accept loss, and to accept the inevitable. As discouraging as this outlook on death may appear, it is captivating why Emily Dickinson preferred to make death one among the major themes of her poems. Because numerous poets of the 19th century wrote about death, Dickinson was not exceptional in picking this idea. HoweverRead MoreRepresentations of Death in Because I Could Not Stop for Death† by Emily Dickinson 819 Words   |  4 PagesThe poem â€Å"Because I Could Not Stop for Death† written by Emily Dickinson deals about death. Dickinson does not waste time showing about what this poem is. She lets the reader know from the beginning that it is going to be about death. The title itself seems really alive and active. The way she started with â€Å"Because† shows that the poem gives a clear argument or an answer to a question. Also the rest of the title â€Å"could not stop for death† shows the reader that it does not depend on us when we are

Common Characteristics of Civilization free essay sample

Many people define civilization in different ways. Both archeologist Child and another historian thought for civilization to exist it had to include: the plow, wheeled cart and draft animals, sailing ships, the smelting of copper and bronze, a solar calendar, writing, standards of measurement, irrigation ditches, specialized craftsmen, urban centers and a surplus of food necessary to support non-agricultural workers who lived within the walls of the city. In addition, the historian thought that a civilization needed human organization, too, not Just human achievements. He leveled a civilization also needed money collected through taxes, a privileged ruling class, a centralized government and a national religious or priestly class. Then there was Chuckhole who believed there were three necessary factors for collocation: towns containing more than 5000 people, writing, and monumental ceremonial centers. Lastly, there Is anthropologist Adams who believed that collocation needed: class stratification based on the ownership and control of production, political and religious hierarchies complementing each other In the central administration of territorially organized states and lastly, a complex division f labor, with skilled workers, soldiers and officials existing alongside the great mass of peasant producers. We will write a custom essay sample on Common Characteristics of Civilization: or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page So, some common characteristics of civilization are: the ability to write, a need for government hierarchy, and skilled workers and specialized craftsmen.I believe that there can be exceptions to the characteristics of a civilization just like there are many definitions of civilization; for instance, I do not believe monumental ceremonial centers are a necessity to have a civilization; however, the ability to communicate is important. I do feel there are certain things you must have to be a civilization: the ability to communicate this is essential for organization and planning, a government hierarchy to keep law and order, an abundance of food to support a large community, and skilled workers to craft tools.Just like the text stated, civilization is a word easier to describe than it is to define. However, I do not feel that the word civilization accurately characterizes groups of people. This word encompasses many people and their cultures, so it would put two completely different groups of people (republicans and democrats) under the same definition. Even though these two groups of people may live together In a civilization and share common things, they have many differences.Common Characteristics of Civilization: By linearitys civilization: towns containing more than 5000 people, writing, and monumental ceremonial centers. Lastly, there is anthropologist Adams who believed that civilization needed: class stratification based on the ownership and control of production, political and religious hierarchies complementing each other in the there can be exceptions to the characteristics of a civilization Just like there are many in a civilization and share common things, they have many differences.

UDL Solution Plan

Universal Design for Learning (UDL) solution plan is a tool used by educators to reduce learning barriers. Today’s educators are supposed to provide their students with high standards of learning despite the fact that some of their students have learning difficulties such as Dyslexia, language barriers, emotional problems and physical disabilities. Through UDL, learner’s disparities can be addressed and their needs met. UDL takes advantage of digital learning resources, hence making the learning process more effective and efficient.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on UDL Solution Plan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For my class I have to use several teaching methods to ensure that my students meet their individual needs. A universal curriculum has been designed to achieve the leaning objectives through the appropriate ways of presentation, means of expression and methods of engagement. Therefore, all my teaching plans should be guided by these principles. Based on my experience with Nell, I am expected to use assistive technologies to help improve mobility, self-esteem, personal care and reading skills. To improve his mobility, a walker and braces are essential and mandatory. A walker will help him in exploring his environment by indicating the location of different rocks, how to extract them and their economical importance in the society (Kleinert, 2001). Through active participation, his mobility as well as his environmental awareness will considerably improve. Furthermore, it will not be easy for him to study either, so I have to offer him a wide variety of studying materials, such as textbooks and online resources that are beneficial to him. The study materials should precise and easy to use in obtaining information in order motivate readership. Moreover, he might find it hard reading printed textbooks due to his low comprehension skills. Visual aids will be necessary to hi ghlight key information like headings. In addition, the use of power point will serve the same purpose. An oral translator will be of significant assistance this would mean that difficulty in decoding text would be minimized. Words that appear too technical for him would be replaced by an oral translator with simple and understandable words. Nell has a low self-esteem, which affects him negatively. To enhance his oral reading I should provide him with the appropriate support. Providing him with the project a week before the class lesson will help him in familiarizing himself with the content and hence he will be more comfortable with his classmates.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Picture charts and cards would be essential as this will not only make the lesson pleasant, but also provide images of rocks as seen in the real world. For Nell to improve his social skills, student’s participation will be vital, as this will ensure that students appreciate his participation. Nell’s inability to communicate in English presents difficulty in learning. Establishing a continuous feedback mechanism will be appropriate as this will ensure clarity and additional support. The provision of several resources will lead to access and evaluation of multiple examples. Samples of rocks will be of great importance as this will be used as practical examples during class work and students will be able to counter check their theoretical characteristics and the physical ones(Scherer 2004). In conclusion students with spina bifida rely heavily on assistive technology. This necessitates more research to be done to identify their response on several UDL methods and impacts of these methods on their daily life. I think that with more research and support students with disabilities will be able to live independently and participate fully in the community. To teachers like me, as sessments would be made more effective and efficient only by continuous research. References Kleinert, H. L., Kearns, J. F. (2001). Alternate assessment: measuring outcomes and supports for students with disabilities. Baltimore, Md.: P.H. Brookes Pub. Co.. Scherer, M. J. (2004). Connecting to learn: educational and assistive technology for people with disabilities. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. This essay on UDL Solution Plan was written and submitted by user Carlos Munoz to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Civil Rights And Public Policy Essay Example

Civil Rights And Public Policy Paper All men are created equal has had little weight In American society and has been the cause of social unrest in America for decades. From blacks to minorities to women, unequal treatment has been the cause of protest and objection. Civil rights and inequality cases and issues are focused on by Congress, the courts, and the bureaucracy. Not only is discrimination an issue against race and gender, other groups have been demanding social and constitutional protection. There are some that have to do with GE and disability, and there are more controversial ones like sexual orientation. Call rights must be demanded and quieted upon. These fights have to take place on philosophical levels, as well as Constitutional interpretations. The Declaration of Independence might have stated equal rights for all, but does it actually mean equal opportunities for all. Even though we might have equal opportunities, does that mean we all have equal chances of succeeding? Do all of these other minorities have the same chance to succeeding as do all other peoples? Are they all getting the same results and reward? This Is the focus of the 21st call liberties fight. Founding fathers did not explicitly mention equal rights for all; however, the interpretations of the constitution and other historical documents do no not limit freedom to any specific government. The constitution is unequal in many terms. The First Amendment didnt explicitly allow freedom of expression which allows people to protest for equality. Equality only appeared in the post-civil War in the Fourteenth Amendment which prevents states from making laws depriving anyone from their rights, In this case, equal protection. We will write a custom essay sample on Civil Rights And Public Policy specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Civil Rights And Public Policy specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Civil Rights And Public Policy specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Equal protection Is a key tool for determining call rights and equality. Standards of review are used by the higher courts to determine nature of potential discrimination. For example. In Standards of review, there are laws that classify groups based on age and wealth. They have to pass test and get a result of reasonableness. Then there is potential classification by gender and that must passed pass intermeddle scrutiny. The last is classification by race, in which the laws are Inherently suspected. The most important group of people who have fought tirelessly for their rights are the African Americans. For the first 250 years the united States was created, blacks were treated as property with no rights. The 1 857 Dread Scott Scott v. Sanford ruling declared that even slaves escaping to free states had no rights as a citizen and that Congress could not ban slavery in the territories. The Missouri Compromise made Missouri a slave state but with the condition that the northern territories were free. After all of this and decades later, the thirteenth Amendment banned slavery and Involuntary servitude which led to the era of reconstruction and segregation which broke three Amendments at the same time. The 13th, 14th, and the 15th. In the 1896 Please v. Ferguson case: Supreme Court gave Constitutional justification to segregation, ruling that separate but equal was Constitutional. This made segregation even worse because the government was officially supporting it after they had made those three amendments. Equal education was a major issue now. From this issue rose the issue of busing which was extremely popular among all people In ten earlier years. From tens Issue, Trot ten education and from many other issues, the Civil Rights Movement was formed. The Civil Rights Movement, and its nonviolent activists, attempted to end political, social, and economic policies that promoted segregation. By the asses the majority of white Americans supported civil equality. The influence of courts and shifting public stances led to many public policies and laws aimed at promoting racial equality in the asses and asses. Most notably, the Civil Rights Act of 1964: made racial discrimination in public accommodation areas (ex. Restaurants and hotels) illegal. The Voting Rights Act of 1965 would be the most massive attempt to enforce black forage. After the Brown ruling, congress set to end all forms of segregation. After the African American Civil Rights Movement, other minority groups set out to claim their rights. Native Americans, Hispanic Americans, Asian Americans, and Arabs Americans and Muslims. Women also battled public policy. Feminists groups sprung out of nowhere in the past century. For the first time in American history an American Women almost won presidency. Wage discrimination is an issue under the spotlight. Sexual harassment is an issue that been around for a very long time. Womens enlistments in the military has been a huge turning point for women in history. Other groups Active under the Civil Rights Umbrella are the elderly of America. Presidential candidates focus a great deal of their time on this social group. People with disabilities have also been asking for rights and have been facing much discrimination. LIGHT have been gaining massive support nowadays, with their issue being one of the biggest controversial issues Americas has faced. Affirmative Action is a policy designed to give special attention to or compensatory treatment for members of some previously disadvantaged groups.

What extent Charlotte Brontes treatment of women in Jane Eyre Essays

What extent Charlotte Brontes treatment of women in Jane Eyre Essays What extent Charlotte Brontes treatment of women in Jane Eyre Paper What extent Charlotte Brontes treatment of women in Jane Eyre Paper Essay Topic: Literature Jane Eyre, written by Charlotte Bronte, was published in London in 1847. Similar to many novels of the time, it highlighted the many social and moral problems of the period. These included topics such as poverty, health, lack of education, treatment of children and, the aspect that is pointed out for the most part in Jane Eyre- the limited role and the attitude towards women. Charlotte Bronte took great risk when she published Jane Eyre. In the period that Bronte lived, women were not expected to work, in fact, there was a strong feeling against women who worked. Writing was also included in this, and many women writers used a male name when they published books merely so that the book would actually sell. When Bronte wrote Jane Eyre however, she used her own name, risking the popularity of the book. The contents of Jane Eyre also put under great risk. As it was a male dominated society at the time, women had no say. They could not stand out against men. In Jane Eyre, men are represented as the bad, Mr. Brocklehurst, for example, treats the girls at Lowood School very badly, and he is a very typical male of the time. He orders the girls at Lowood to have their hair cut off, to wear poor clothes, eat little, and this is very poor food. Whereas his own daughters wear silk long dresses, the have long hair and are very well fed. Mr. Brocklehurst is an example of the poorness in education, the way children are treated, the gap between rich and poor and the male thought at the time towards others. Mr. Rochester when he is first met appears to be the most likely example of attitude towards women. He thinks, as the popular attitude went in that time, that women were an item, that they should be seen and not heard. Indeed, he shows this by the false marriage he tries to trick Jane into, and then trying to buy her over with gifts and nice clothes. Using men to in a sense mock the attitude of the time Jane was again risking the books popularity and maybe even the book being published. The book shows greatly the treatment of women. It gives many examples of women in different positions and how they are treated and the power that they have. When a couple were married in this period, the man, in a way, was buying the woman and her possessions. She became his property. Along with her money, possessions, land maybe even children. As they were not allowed to divorce until much later, the woman would have to stay with her husband until he died. The male in the relationship could get away with having an affair, but if the women ever tried it and was caught, she would be kicked out onto the street, losing money, power, status, and having nothing. In addition, if the woman tried to run away with her children it was thought of as kidnap, as the male owned the children. It was very rare for a woman to gain complete control over her husbands property unless he passed away. This is the position that Mrs. Reed was in. She owned all of her husband had taken when they married. However, marriages of upper class citizens were very rarely for love in that period. Women tried to marry someone of the same or higher social status than themselves, to increase their money and power. For a womans power was limited to her husbands control, influence, and wealth. When Jane meets Bessie before she goes to Thornfield, Bessie explains that miss Georgina met a young lord who she fell in love with but his relations were against his match This means that he was not of high enough status to marry miss Georgina, and she was disallowed to wed him by Mrs. Reed. Miss Ingram on the other hand, was of perfect social status to marry Mr. Rochester. She was of the same class as him, they were both rich and their families contained much power and wealth. Although Miss Ingram is merely marrying Mr. Rochester for his wealth, not his love, as Adele tells Jane. Higher-class women were usually those that could afford schooling with ease, but were those who did not need it. The women of these classes would be looked after their whole lives. They spend the first part of their lives under the protection of their own family wealth, living off this; they then are married and live off the wealth of their partner. At no time in their lives do they need the level of schooling that they receive. The irony in this is that those who need it the most, i. e. the lower class citizens, cannot afford it. For the middle class women of the time, education was something that most could afford, but some could not. Nevertheless, for a woman of middle class who had little or no money of their own was able to choose between up to three things: to be financially dependant on a husband, living as a dependant in a house as a governess or the unpleasant job of teaching in a school, depending on whether or not she had received an education. Women of this social status may have married for love a little more frequently than those who married in the higher classes. Jane fits very snugly into this category, as she gets an education of sorts, although being constantly bullied by the arrogant Mr. Brocklehurst; she then works as a teacher at Lowood, then moves to Thornfield to become a Governess. Charlotte Bronte illustrated these jobs as a protest that women of this status had so little choice of jobs. The bottom class of the social chain would have needed education the most out of all of three of the classes. They had no money; therefore they could not afford to be educated. The bottom class women of society wound up in the very worst of jobs. They would have no other choice than to work in the factories or workhouses that were situated all over England of this period. Either that or they would have wound up on the bottom of the chain of servants in houses such as that of Mr. Rochester. Charlotte Bronte refers to this chain when Jane very first enters Thornfield. Mrs Fairfax tells Jane that she and her should not really associate themselves with the lower class servants. Although being a servant herself, is considerably higher than others, as she I the woman employed to run the house when Mr. Rochester is away. She and Jane are more directly related to Mr. Rochester, as Jane is teaching his daughter, so they are seemingly higher up in the chain. The Hierarchy of servants was very common in large richer houses of the century. The top of the chain would consist of the wife of the house, as, she if she wished, she could take on this responsibility, as it was one of the few that they could. The next would be the head servant (similar to Mrs. Fairfax), she would take instructions from the wife if the wife was not carrying them out herself. Then would be servants that headed a particular area of expertise, Head Cook, Stable master etc. Under them would be the lowest servants, those of the lowest class who were lucky enough to get a place in a house where they may have been able to stay or be paid a fair wage. The lowest class women would have jobs such as washing, changing beds and pillows, dusting etc, under the orders of the head servant. Similar to Grace in Thornfield. The role and position of women has greatly changed since the period that charlotte Bronte lived. Jane Eyre is actually a fiction al autobiography of Charlotte Brontes life. From being treated badly at school, to being a teacher, Charlottes life is echoed in the book. Due to womens rights acts and that men saw the unfairness in the way women were treated women now have equal rights in society. Jane Eyre is a very good social commentary of what life was like in the period of which Charlotte lived.

With reference to literature, examine the shift from a medical Essay

With reference to literature, examine the shift from a medical understanding of disability to social one. Discuss the extent to which the social model itself can now be considered outdated - Essay Example Currently, medical model of disability is used by many people use it to view disability. The social model, on the other hand, has been the outcry of many disabled people established to challenge the medical model. It is propagated by the disabled people who feel that their disability is as a result of personal problem and would prefer to keep their disability, and avoid treatment. This paper seeks to discuss the extent to which the social model itself can be viewed as outdated in reference to the shift in medical understanding of disability. The medical model of disability can be said to be a social political model. The model advocates that disability is inborn and is as a result of physical condition found within an individual. This disability can affect an individual emotionally, physically and mentally affecting how the person acts within the society. In this model, the problem is located within the individual (Norwich 2008 pp.54). The model advocates for seeking medical attention for treatment for the impairments or the disabled. The medical intervention provided to people with impairments enables them to fit well within the society without frustrations. The medical model attempts to explain that, the individual disability emanates from clinical conditions and it does not make distinctions between impairments and individual disability (Shakespeare1998 pp.36) In this model, the disabled individuals need to be provided with attention and help to fit in the society, and if this turn out to be problematic the disabled individuals should be taken to institutions that accommodate them while providing services that help them live within the society. The model brings out stereotypes among people who are not disabled influencing their attitudes and perceptions where they see the disabled people with a lot of pity, fear and negative attitudes towards them. The power to help and change the disabled individuals seems

Implementation of an Integral ERP System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Implementation of an Integral ERP System - Essay Example All these tasks have to performed on the real-time basis. Inventory control is one of the key areas, where a lot of companies claims to have saved the lot of money, which otherwise spent on manual inventory. Â  Here, an attempt has been made to understand the ERP solution, being used at Actavis, which is my SCM from the SAP. The system seems to be slightly low performing at the real-time, so a recommendation to adopt PeopleSoft Enterprise available from Oracle has been made. Advantages of the new system have been elaborated. Justification of change and a complete action plan has been prepared. A cost reduction, while using this system has been anticipated, mostly from inventory control. Â  2.0 Introduction: The changes over the past decade have expanded the business of many Fortune 500 and International companies. ERP had made an integral element within these large organizations. The modern ERP system performs "what if" analyzes for various processes, track human resource information, manage warehouses and allow sophisticated analysis and tracking of customer buying habits and preferences. These modern ERP systems are capable to track, monitor and share data across multiple locations (Karl et al, 2001, p. 22). Â  quality pharmaceutical bus... Â  e (About Actavis n.d.) and uses a Supply Chain Management (SCM) package of SAP Germany, to monitor, supply chain management, inventory management and sales records. Although the system is effective it is very low while executing. Actavis, being multinational is advised to adopt an ERP package from Oracle for improving supply chain management, throughout the globe. 3.0 Description of the current situation: At present mySCM from SAP is being used at the local location of the company Actavis. A day-to-day inventory management is being monitored and production is advised accordingly. To achieve a better production, supply, demand management, the following points need to be taken into consideration. Â  Production planning at all locations throughout the globe. Â  Consumption and demand patterns. Â  Supplying the product according to demand from one of the manufacturing location to obtain cost-effectiveness. Â  Distribution and customer services. Â  The current software is not able to deal with all the points as mentioned above, therefore in the current situation, there is a need to improve the supply chain management to achieve better results in sales, production in profits. Â   Â  

Personal development Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Development - Personal Statement Example With a good GPA scored during the Bachelor’s course and work experience gained as the marketing advisor, I managed to enroll myself at University of New Brunswick. My tenure at this University has been one of tremendous learning, and this has contributed towards personal development along with high prospects in the professional career. I came to the university with an open mind with no assumptions and no expectations. I would first like to present what I learned through the academic courses and then move on to the other teachings that an MBA course offers. The environment itself has much to teach, and learning during the MBA stretches far beyond the academic module. However, one has to be open to learning, observing, perceiving and absorbing. Benefits through academic learning The academic course was divided into three modules and the first module comprised of accounting, marketing, statistics and research, and effective communication. I dreaded accounting as I had not fared w ell during the pre-MBA phase. However, to overcome the fear and to understand the accounting concept, I took up the two-week quant camp which definitely did a lot to develop interest in accounting. After that there was no looking back, and I pursued the subject seriously, making sure I solved problems after each class. This one of my biggest achievements in this course – I understood and overcame the fear of accounting. I am glad I did so because the basics of accounting are essential to run your own business. Marketing had been my domain and interest before I started this course. This course was very interesting and at the same time it helped me develop professional skills on how to actually market products or services. The course stretched into marketing for profit- and non-profit organizations. What I specifically enjoyed was the analytics that provide insight into marketing efforts and help the marketers further amend their strategy. Statistics and research, while essenti al for business, was a little difficult for me. I guess it is enough to understand its value and the basics, so that we can extract information when necessary. Not everyone can be an expert in every field, so I decided not to spend too much energy in a subject which I would not be keen to pursue later as a career. However, I did learn to use excel, which is very important in analytics. Analytics help in marketing decisions and statistics help to decide on the target audience. As a marketer, communication has always been my strength but this course taught me the finer techniques in communication. Business communication becomes essential for every professional, both in oral and written format. Communication is also essential in dealing with colleagues and subordinates. Thus, even though many may consider this as a natural or innate talent, I feel the course does provide a guideline on communication at different levels. The second module was even more interesting as it taught us how to apply the theories and technical knowledge in business. Management skills development is an essential trait because one needs to develop the competencies to manage and lead an organization. This course also taught us the difference between a manager and a leader. I never knew the difference between the two, before the course. The different leadership traits and qualifications essential in different circumstances was an interesting learning. Another major learning for me

Power Grid Analysis Load Flow Study

Power Grid Analysis Load Flow Study Power Systems Assignment 1 Power Grid Analysis Contents 1.Introduction What is a Smart Grid? What is ETAP? 2.Electrical Grid Proposal 3.Initial Design Complete Electrical Network Power Plant Section Electric Arc Furnace Section Wind Farm Section Transmission Lines 4.Initial Design Analysis Load Flow Study Load Flow Conclusion 5.Re-Design Complete Electrical Network Power Plant Section Electric Arc Furnace Section Wind Farm Section Filters 5.Re-Design Analysis Scenario 1 Load Flow Study Scenario 2 Load Flow Study 6.Conclusion 7.Recommendation 8.Bibliography What is a Smart Grid? The original power grids were constructed more than 100 years ago, when electricity demand was low. Power grids where local to individual cities and were powered by local power stations. Most homes had a very small electricity demand, such as powering up a few small lamps. The power grid was constructed as a limited one-way interaction, with electricity passing from the power station into homes. This one was interaction, with no feedback makes it difficult for the gird to respond to the current day, ever changing, rising electricity demand of the 21st century. The smart grid introduces a two-way interaction, where electricity and data can be exchanged between the generation plant and the end users. It is an ever-expanding network of computers, controls, automation and innovation working together to make the power grid, more secure, more reliable, more efficient and more environmentally friendly. Smart grid enables the generation from new generation sources such as wind, solar and tidal, as well as traditional power stations. With the ongoing advancements in smart grid technologies, a smart grid will replace the existing infrastructure of the power grid. This will leave better communication between end users and generators to help manage our electricity needs. A recently released study by the PNNL (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory) reviewed American homeowners who had updated to new smart grid technologies to monitor and control the consumption of energy within their homes. The outcome of the study showed that the average house could have its annual electricity boll reduced by 10 percent. This could be a saving of nearly $200 billion in the USA alone. The overall result would leave homeowners with lower rates, and have the environmental impact of taking the equivalent to 30 million vehicles off the road. With such a massive stake to gain, it is clear why there is a big drive for Smart Grids in the 21st century.    What is ETAP? ETAP is a fully integrated suite of software products that can be used to model an electrical power system. It offers real time calculated simulation of a designed electrical power system model. It can simulate an electrical power system from generation, to transmission, through distribution, down to the end user. We use ETAP as a simulation package to model and predict behaviours of electrical power grids before they are constructed. This results in an efficient and safe method of designing and constructing an electrical power grid. I propose to design an electrical power grid, which will provide power to an Electric Arc Furnace. The furnace will have many of different loads that vary from charging electrodes, to large cooling water pumps. The power for the Electric Arc Furnace will be provided from two independent sources. A Steam Generator Power Station and a Wind Farm. The Electric Arc Furnace will have three vertical electrodes that conduct an alternating current that forms an arc between them and the layers of the scrap metal in the furnace, causing the metal to melt. Each electrode would use 5MVA of power at 11kV. As well as high power electrodes, the Electric Arc Furnace would require additional appliances. These include water-cooling pumps, auxiliary oil pumps and induced air draft fans. These appliances will all operate at 415V. To provide power to the power hungry Electric Arc Furnace there will be two power sources located on the same site as the furnace. The first will be a Steam Power Station. Two steam-powered generators will produce a combined power output of 240MW. They will generate at 33KV and the voltage will be dropped down for distribution and transmission. The Power Station will have its own appliances similar to the Electric Arc Furnace that will enable it to generate electricity. There will be four motors used by the high-pressure steam boilers in the power station. To ensure that there is a constant supply of electricity for the power stations motors there will be a connection to the National Power Grid. This connection to the grid is will only necessary when Turbo Alternator 1 2 are both not generating electricity for the network. During normal operation, the circuit breakers to the grid will be open. Two steam driven turbine generators are not the only power sources in the electrical network. Placed on the same site as the Electrical Arc Furnace will be two Wind Turbine Generators. The two Wind Turbines will generate a combined 4MW at 11KV. These two generators will be renewable energy sources that harness the energy in passing wind. They will not require fossil fuels unlike the power station. Similar to the Power Station, there will be a supply to the Wind Farm from the National Grid. This is to provide start up power for the Wind turbines. Once the turbines are operational, the link to the National Grid is will not be required. During normal operation, the circuit breakers to the grid will be open. Transmission of power between the three sites outlined will be via overhead 66KV transmission lines. Electricity will drop down to the usable voltage at each site via transformers. Complete Electrical Network Power Plant Section To the right is the Power Plant section of the electrical power grid. It is the main source of electricity for the grid. It provides power from two 120MW steam turbine generators. It has a link to the Utility Grid but this is only enabled when the two generators are not generating or when they running up. The Generator auxiliary pumps always require power from either the grid connection or the Turbine Alternators to enable the Turbine Alternators to generate power. This section has two links to the rest of the electrical power grid. The first connection is to the Wind Farm Section via a 66kV line. The second connection is via a 66kV line to the Electric Arc Furnace Electric Arc Furnace Section To the right is the Electric Arc Furnace Section of the Electrical Power Grid. It is the main consumer of electricity in the grid. It consumes power through three 5MVA Arc Electrodes. The Electrodes are used in the Electric Arc Furnace process to create iron from raw materials. For the process to operate successfully all three electrodes and their cooling pumps must be operational. If there is a drop in power provided to the process then it may become endangered because of the high temperatures involved. Due to this danger through loss of power, there must be redundant power supplies to the process. These supplies are provided from a 66kV line from the Power Station Section and a 66kV from the Wind Farm Section. If one were to fail there would always be a redundant supply from the other to provide power to the Electric Arc Furnace Process. Wind Farm Section Below is the Wind Farm Section of the Electrical Power Grid. It is a source of renewable energy for the grid. Renewable energy is provided by two 2MW Wind Turbines, which generate electricity when wind turns the generator windings. There is no consumers of electricity on this section leaving it completely independent of the rest of the grid in the event that both its lines are lost. This is highly unlikely as there is a 66kV line to the Power Station Section and a 66kV to the Electric Arc Furnace Section. A second link to the Utility Grid provides a backup in case the first connection at the Power Station Section fails. Transmission Lines My electrical power grid has 3 separate sections interconnected by transmission lines. These transmission connections provide redundancy protection in the event a section connection faults. The main electricity producers for the electrical power-grid operate at 11kV but for transmission purposes, the power is transmitted at 66kV. This is because line losses are much lower at higher transmission voltages over large distances. Having lower line losses improves the efficiency of transmitting the power, therefore resulting in operational cost savings. The smaller the cross sectional area of the cables, the less the loss to heat dissipation. Large voltages require smaller surface area, resulting in less line loss. In my example of a power-grid, the voltage is being stepped up at the generating section, transmitted through the transmission line to a load section, and then stepped down to lower voltages required by the load. This is shown in the following equation: P is fixed by customer demand. R is as small as reasonably practicable by using large copper transmission lines. Therefore, line loss decreases strongly with increasing voltage. Whilst transmission line companies wish to keep transmission lines are thick as possible to decrease the resistance in them, it has to be within financial reason. Load Flow Study During the design stages of an electrical power-grid, a load flow study should be performed. A load flow study can outline if electrical grid voltages stay within their specified limits during normal or emergency operating conditions. The study also determines whether equipment such as conductors and transformers are overloaded. A successful load flow study can calculate the voltage at each bus, the voltage drop on each feeder, and the power flow and losses in all branch and feeder circuits. The most common uses for load flow studies include: Optimisation of components Identifying reactive and real power flows Reduce kW and kVar losses The important data retrieved from a load flow study is the voltage profile of the electrical power-grid. When voltage changes a lot throughout the system, large reactive flows will occur. This will then lead to larger real power losses. When a bus has an unacceptably low voltage, it is essential to install capacitor banks in order to provide reactive power compensation to the load. AN INEFFICIENT OR UNBALANCED LOAD CAN CAUSE UNPREDICTABLE BEHAVIOR Complete Electrical Network Power Plant Section Below shows the redesign of the Power Plant Section of the Electrical Power Grid. Outlined by a red circle, a capacitor bank has been added to the 415V Auxiliary Pump Bus. It can be switched on and off when P.F correction is needed. Electric Arc Furnace Section Below shows the redesign of the Electric Arc Furnace Section of the Electrical Power Grid. Two capacitors have been added to improve the power factor. A capacitor has been added to the 415V Cooling Pumps Bus. A capacitor has been added to the 11kV Electrode Bus. It can be switched on and off when P.F correction is needed. Wind Farm Section No change has been made to the Wind Farm Section of the Electrical Power Grid. Harmonics Filters Harmonic currents and voltages in an electric power grid are the outcome of non-linear loads. Harmonics in power grids produce higher temperatures electrical equipment and conductors, faults in variable frequency drives, and torque waves in motors. Power quality issues are the outcome of harmonic frequencies in the power grid. When designing an electrical power grid it is essential that of harmonics are reduced. The significant effect of harmonics in an electrical power grid is the increase of current in the system. This is more prominent in the third harmonic, which causes a large increase in the zero sequence current. This requires a lot of consideration in when designing an electric power grid to drive non-linear loads. Electric motors will incur losses due to large hysteresis losses caused by eddy currents in the iron core of the motor. Since the harmonics are at higher frequencies, they produce higher core losses in a motor than the power frequency would. The result of this is the increased heating of the motor core. If excessive, this will reduce the life of the motor. The 5th harmonic will introduce CEMF (counter electromotive force) in large motors, resulting in the opposite direction of rotation. CEMF does not have enough force to counteract the rotation, however it does reduce the rotating speed of the motor. Capacitor banks have been included on the re-design of the electrical power system on to reduce the effects of harmonics and bring Power Factor to a suitable value. Their value has been specifically calculated to suit each bus bar they fed. This compensates the reduction in Power Factor. Eaton, C. (2016). What is a smart grid. Swansea. Energy Networks. (n.d.). Who is my network operator? Retrieved from http://www.energynetworks.org/info/faqs/who-is-my-network-operator.html Engineering, E. (n.d.). ETAP Introduction. Retrieved from electrical-engineering-portal.com ETAP. (2016). Network Tutorial. Retrieved from https://etap.com Guilds, C. . (2016). Utilities Qualifications. Retrieved from www.cityandguilds.com à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ º Qualifications à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ º Utilities à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ º Utilities Networks, S. E. (n.d.). Training Documents. Retrieved from www.spenergynetworks.co.uk/pages/training.asp Power Skills Centre. (n.d.). Power System Protection. Retrieved from www.powerskillscentre.com/protection/power-system-protection-part-one Siemens. (2015). HVDC Benefits. Retrieved from Siemens: http://www.energy.siemens.com/br/en/power-transmission/hvdc/applications-benefits/hvdc-benefits.htm Udemy. (2015). ETAP Unified Electrical Grid Training. Retrieved from https://www.udemy.com/practical-etab/ Utility Engineering. (n.d.). Grid Training. Retrieved from www.utilityengineering.co.uk/electrical%20training.html Vinici Energies. (n.d.). Smart Grid Ideoligy. Retrieved from http://www.vinci-energies.com/en/its-already-tomorrow/towards-managed-energy/smart-grids-electrical-networks-that-evolve-in-response-to-usage/

The Grapes Of Wrath: Description Al Joad And The Setting :: essays research papers

The Grapes of Wrath: Description Al Joad and the Setting Al Joad is a fairly skinny guy of medium built who starts out being a cocky, self-conceited character. His only justifiable reason for acting cocky is that his brother, Tom, killed a man and went to jail. Al respects his brother and thinks of him as a man for having killed another man. The fact of the matter is that Tom was only acting in self defense. After a man came after Tom with a knife, Tom hit him over the head with a shovel, and killing him in the process. Al would receive complements all over town from people who recognize him and being the brother of a man that was a killer. As soon as Tom Joad comes home from prison, Al is a changed person. He is no longer cocky and he almost resents his brother coming home so soon. As the Joad family is forced to leave their home land and travel to California, Al takes on a great responsibility. His job is to drive the family and take complete care of the truck that they are driving. Al takes his job very seriously and gets upset when anything happens to the car. Emotionally, I would say Al has become very strong throughout the novel. He starts out pretty depend on the "glory" of his brother, but he takes his responsibilities seriously. I see Al as being a crucial character later in the novel. He is the kind of person that needs motivation from the start, but once he gets going, he won't stop. Setting Description Oklahoma could best be described as one large dustbowl. All rain has ceased to fall. The dry wind wisps through the air and gathers dirt. If you listen closely enough, it sounds as though there are people moaning whenever wind is present. The heat is so humid that any source of water is dried up, and the plants wither away. All of the corn crops are gone as well as all other crops. The dirt is like sand; it has no moisture or fertilization.

Craddock Cup

1. The Craddock Cup in its current form should be continued in order to maximize CYSL’s profits. Although it looks as though the Cup is incurring a loss, we need to analyze the relevant and irrelevant costs to truly determine the financial impact of discontinuing the cup. Although total expenses are $53,538, we need to eliminate the irrelevant, or unavoidable, costs when deciding whether the Cup should continue. In this case, the irrelevant, unavoidable costs include Rivaldo’s salary allocated to the tournament ($6,300), the field rental cost for the week ($1,200), and the rent/utilities expense for the Cup ($2,700).When these costs are added, we get $10,200 in sunk costs that cannot be avoided regardless of the continuation of the Craddock Cup. Subtracting these irrelevant costs from the total expenses of the tournament, we get $43,338 in relevant costs. When you subtract these expenses from the revenue generated by the tournament, we end up with a relevant profit of $ 6,502. This means that the CYSL is making $6,502 more than it would if it eliminated the Craddock Cup. I would therefore recommend that the Craddock Cup be continued. 2.My answer to the first question would change if the alternative to holding the Craddock Cup would be to rent the field to the Harvest Fair for $6,750. From purely a financial perspective, renting the field to the Harvest Fair would make the most sense. By doing this, the CYSL can make a $6,750 profit, excluding the allocated costs that are unavoidable and irrelevant. This is $248 more than the $6,502 they would profit by actually holding the tournament. So strictly by financial terms, it would make more sense to rent out the field in order to generate an increase in profit of $248 over the alternative of hosting the Craddock Cup. . When considering the decisions that management needs to make, it is important to consider not only the quantitative data, but also the qualitative characteristics. In this case, after cons idering the qualitative characteristics I would recommend that the CYSL continue to hold the Craddock Cup for multiple reasons. First of all, the influx of people that come to the tournament are advantageous for the nearby businesses. The economic advantages of the event would leave the town worse off than before. Also, the experience and opportunities that the Cup provides to high school soccer players are too crucial to ignore.By giving players a chance to gain recognition from college scouts and potentially get a scholarship, the tournament allows them to achieve their goals of playing college soccer. Another factor that must be discussed is the firing of the Renee Jansten. We do not know her current financial situation and would like to avoid firing anyone if at all avoidable. Lastly, the potential for future profits as the tournament gains more recognition and prestige should be enough to make CYSL keep running the Craddock Cup annually. 4. Exhibit A shows the expected financia l impact of adding 32 more teams to the schedule.Revenues would increase to $85,680 (assuming while expenses would rise to $87,806. This leads to a reported net income of -$2,126. However, if we remove the irrelevant, unavoidable costs ($10,200), we get a relevant profit of $8,074. This is $1,572 more than the $6,502 relevant profit expected from a 32-team tournament. It would therefore be in the greater interest of the CYSL to host a 64-team Craddock Cup next year. 5. The profit margin for the 32-team tournament is 3. 62% higher than the profit margin for the 64-team tournament. For the 32 team tournament, the profit margin is $6,502/$49,840=13. 5%. For the 64 team tournament, the profit margin decreases to $8,074/$85,680=9. 423%. Although the 64-team alternative has the lower profit margin, it has higher overall profits and is recommended. Exhibit A (64-Team Financials) Revenues:Calculations Registration Fees18,880Doubled T-Shirts 9,600Doubled Concessions34,560Doubled Soccer Clini c 8,640Doubled Contributions14,000Same Total Revenue85,680 Expenses: T-Shirts 3,840Doubled (Variable) Concessions17,280Doubled (Variable) Clinic 5,184Doubled (Variable) Insurance 4,608Doubled (Variable) Registration 1,500Same (Fixed)Field Rental 8,760(1200+6 fields x $210 x 6 days) Balls 864Doubled (Variable) Refs12,800Doubled (Variable) Trophies 1,800Doubled (Variable) Hotels 6,400$80x 2 nights x 15 + 4,000 Face Books 570450+(95-75)x$6 Marketing 3,2002,200+1000 CYSL Salaries18,300Same (Fixed) CYSL Rent 2,700Same (Fixed) Total Expenses87,806 Net Income:($2,126) Irrelevant/Unavoidable Expenses: Field Rental 1,200 CYSL Salaries 6,300 CYSL Rent 2,700 Total Irr. Exp. 10,200 Relevant Expenses: 87,806-10,200=77,606 Relevant Profit: Revenue85,680 Rel. Exp77,606 Rel. Profit 8,074

Creativity and Innovation essay part 4Essay Writing Service

Creativity and Innovation essay part 4Essay Writing Service Creativity and Innovation essay part 4 Creativity and Innovation essay part 4Creativity and Innovation essay part 3First, experts in relevant fields must be needed. Since the ideas are often with high technology and applied in specific field. If the ideas are aimed to create something new and sometimes even bring comprehensive cross-industry, the knowledge domain of experts must be clear. Second, the individual difference affects the judging (Caroff Maud, 2008). Pursuing customer’ the biggest satisfaction is the goal of the company and customers are the end user of the products, so customer experience has a decisive influence in the success or failure of the product. It is necessary to choose a few loyal users to evaluate the idea of research and development. The experts are related with RD and customers are related with the market. Third, communication mechanism between assessment team and innovation team is important during the assessment process. The explanation of problems is sometimes not simple and direct, g ood communication will help.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"ALUS†, SWOT analysis, Pro’s and Con’s of the idea, plus minus interesting all can be used to assess ideas. And they have a series of criteria in common. The evaluation on six aspects is mainly considered, including technical aspect, production aspect, market aspect, management aspect, policy aspect and the economic aspect.For the technical aspect: whether difficult and not mature technology is used in the process from the research and development process. Because technology can make the product difficult to produce no matter how much better the idea is. For the production aspect: since the research and development is always separate, viable products in the laboratory may not be feasible in the workshop. The laboratory produces the conceptual model, which cannot be used in practice, but the workshop produces the product model, which can be used in practice. For the market aspect: the final product will all be received by the market, the market has an automatic screening mechanism of the products and the screening criteria are quality, feature, price and so on. Also, there are many competitors in the market, the comparison with competitors’ product is necessary, and it is about the positioning of the new product. For the management aspect: the whole management and decision about the innovation is on the manager. Senior managers who have the corresponding knowledge system can more likely make the right decision. For the policy aspect: to get knowledge about the governments policy of related or similar products, and how the policy will affect the product production and earnings and so on. These are all needed to be considered. For the economic aspect: whether the whole social economic operation is in good condition, whether the market has enough capacity to consume enough products that make the company take back the investment and get profit.After the feasibility analysis period, a few ideas will re main in the ideas pool. And after the next period, only the really good idea is remain. In such a way, idea pools will help to resolve possible problems that may arise in the course of the development of the new product, APP. The company should use the feasibility analysis to test whether the idea and vision of the new product is plausible or not. Only after the affirmative conclusion of such analysis, the company should start the en mass production of the new application.The assessment of ideas feasibility is mainly from the qualitative angle, is subjective judgment based on the reality. In the last stage of the idea selection, using the quantitative analysis methods, such as NPV, ROI to select the best idea. The prediction for the costs and benefits is needed using quantitative analysis and it requires good ability of market analysis for the company.ConclusionIn such a way, the development of the new product depends on the idea factory consistently. The development and introductio n of the new product should start with and be grounded on the idea factory. The idea factory is the milestone of the development and introduction of the new product. First of all, the development of the new product should start with brainstorming in terms of the idea factory to generate ideas concerning possible products the company can create. After that the company identifies the most prospective ones. The choice of the new product should involve the short-term and long-term prospects of the development and introduction of the new product. In fact, the new product can be introduced successfully with the help of the idea factory. The idea factory helps shape the vision of the new application and suggest possible recommendations on the implementation of the new product and its further marketing. The marketing of the new product should also involve the use of the idea factory. Therefore, the idea factory comprises the core of the development and introduction of the new product. At th is point, it is worth mentioning the fact that the new product can be successful only when the idea factory conducts the detailed analysis of the business environment, the potential of the product and other important factors that may affect the quality and effectiveness of the new product.

Free Essays on ATMs For Free

This is the 90’s. Well, not for long, but that’s supposed to mean we have progressed, things are better than they used to be, more â€Å"modern†, more convenient. One of the boons of today is that people almost never have to go to a bank anymore. We have electronic transfers and automatic deposits, and when we need our money quickly (which is always) we have the convenience of using ATMs. Of course, there is a price for this convenience. When using an ATM that is owned by a bank other than your own, one can expect to pay a fee, usually between one and two dollars. That’s outrageous! How can a bank charge a customer to withdraw his own money? Well, they are doing a service to their non-customers where, in the most grand of economic terms, the ATM customer hasn’t done anything for them. Sure, the fee is annoying, but the bottom line is people still use ATMs with full warning of the fee and therefore have no right to object to paying for services rende red. In the past few months city legislatures in Santa Monica and San Francisco, CA felt that the people of their cities should not have to pay service charges at ATMs where they did not have an account. The people voted to ban these fees. It is unclear what they think should be illegal about the ATM fees. The main contention seems to be that it is just unfair. Well, after hearing that they can longer charge non-customers for the use of their machines and will be expected to offer a service that costs them money for nothing, it is the banks that are crying â€Å"unfair.† â€Å"There are so many non-customers using a banks ATM, if you didn’t charge these fees it would start to get cost-prohibitive to provide this convenience,† said Harris Bank spokesperson Pam Kasser. (Rackl 23). In retaliation, two national banks, Wells Fargo and Bank of America are refusing transactions to non-customers in Santa Monica. They feel the people have no right to force them to offer free withdraws. So far... Free Essays on ATM's For Free Free Essays on ATM's For Free This is the 90’s. Well, not for long, but that’s supposed to mean we have progressed, things are better than they used to be, more â€Å"modern†, more convenient. One of the boons of today is that people almost never have to go to a bank anymore. We have electronic transfers and automatic deposits, and when we need our money quickly (which is always) we have the convenience of using ATMs. Of course, there is a price for this convenience. When using an ATM that is owned by a bank other than your own, one can expect to pay a fee, usually between one and two dollars. That’s outrageous! How can a bank charge a customer to withdraw his own money? Well, they are doing a service to their non-customers where, in the most grand of economic terms, the ATM customer hasn’t done anything for them. Sure, the fee is annoying, but the bottom line is people still use ATMs with full warning of the fee and therefore have no right to object to paying for services rende red. In the past few months city legislatures in Santa Monica and San Francisco, CA felt that the people of their cities should not have to pay service charges at ATMs where they did not have an account. The people voted to ban these fees. It is unclear what they think should be illegal about the ATM fees. The main contention seems to be that it is just unfair. Well, after hearing that they can longer charge non-customers for the use of their machines and will be expected to offer a service that costs them money for nothing, it is the banks that are crying â€Å"unfair.† â€Å"There are so many non-customers using a banks ATM, if you didn’t charge these fees it would start to get cost-prohibitive to provide this convenience,† said Harris Bank spokesperson Pam Kasser. (Rackl 23). In retaliation, two national banks, Wells Fargo and Bank of America are refusing transactions to non-customers in Santa Monica. They feel the people have no right to force them to offer free withdraws. So far...

Interpreting New Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Interpreting New Media - Essay Example As the paper stresses the significant contribution of Twitter towards citizen journalism is unquestionable. Platforms such as Twitter have become sources of information that can be regarded as ‘world changing’ and gaining legitimacy and respect in the provision of up-to-minute news. With increased wireless connectivity and rapid consumption of modern technology, mobile phones have become a means of data transfer systems and portable digital media production. The move has resulted to increase in some citizen journalists who are also eye witness reports. According to the essay findings citizen journalism on Twitter platforms is also challenging the practice and image of journalism in that the public is no longer solely depending on journalists to offer accurate reports. In the recent coverage of Hurricane Sandy in the United States of America, Live eye witness messages were instantly uploaded online sharing the results of the natural disasters from a subjective point of view. Even though these are valid representations of the individual news report, they lack structure, shape, and professional journalistic meaning. Twitter has played an important role in citizen journalism. Citizen journalism has gained much significance through its inclusion and incorporation in mass media report packages and has led to a restructuring and re-evaluation on how journalists network. Modern technology has changed and transformed journalism as a profession.

The effects of globalization of the labor market Essay

The effects of globalization of the labor market - Essay Example With Globalization being such a used function of the world’s economic market, there was and is an effect on the labor market. The definition of globalization is highly contentious among professionals in the field of economics and business. Globalization is a term for the process of international integration brought upon by interconnectivity of cultural aspects.1 Cultural aspects can be further defined as technology, religion, infrastructure, and manufacturing processes. There are many types of globalization; increased internet activity, international cell phones, and aviation. Labor Market is a term that will be used that means the interaction between the workers and the employers. With globalization this could mean workers in one location and employers in another. This is an important topic to discuss as globalization of the labor market has increased the living wage of many countries and is the only income that some developing countries acquire. There are many good aspects o f globalization that increases the health and education of many third world countries. However, there are aspects of globalization that have both positive and negative aspects. The globalization that most people think of the most is the usage of other countries to assist in the production or manufacturing of products for consumption or use. This is known by many currently as outsourcing. While outsourcing is not the only form of globalization, this is the one element that has become a hot topic politically due to the extent and negative elements. Outsourcing is a negative form of globalization to portions of the United States, while for others it is one of the best things that has occurred. Globalization does many things both negatively and positively to the labor market. It is an understanding of these benefits and consequences to determine if a select labor market will gain from becoming a part of the world market. What globalization can do for a developing country is to bring in technology, education, training, and science that were not previously available to the citizens. Depending on the industry brought in, an increase of available jobs and increased wages will also occur. Regardless of what occurs there will be new opportunities in many sectors for individuals otherwise not available due to education or geographical location. With every benefit comes a detriment or at least the possibility of a detriment. With regards to globalizations effect on the labor market many things could prove costly and negative. With an increase in skilled labor needs, there is a drastic decrease in unskilled or ordinary workers which could lead to an increase of foreign workers and increase unemployment among native employees.2 Another thing that technology does is decrease the overall work force needed to complete the same task. For countries with a large work force, this technology could prove highly costly to the labor market. Most employers of large industries that beli eve in globalization do not maintain a large presence in developing countries. What this means is that most of the money created by native workers is siphoned back to the employers native country, leaving the developing nation without resources to develop.3 If this market globalization comes at the heels of international grants of money or resources, the country that received the funds will have to go through a process of privatization which is highly

Quality management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Quality management - Essay Example The customer has got an opportunity to choose from the great number of providers and to dictate own requirements to the quality of a product he/she has been ready to buy. If before customers have been satisfied just with the conformation of quality of products and services, now they would like to get the conformation that production of the things/services they pay for is organized in the way, which indeed ensure the pronounced quality. The quality has become the one of the most popular slogans at the end of twentieth – the beginning of the twenty first century. The quality of products and services. The quality of technologies and business processes related to providing of products and services. The quality, which really exists and what is even more important can be proved as it properly documented. Constant improvement of production quality is one of determinant conditions of raise of its competitiveness on the market and growth of production efficiency. Not without reason in countries with developed industry majority of firms and companies use different kinds of systems of quality management. Let us consider four stages of evolution of production quality approaches. First of them is a stage of rejection (till 20th years of the last century). According to this approach in order to provide a consumer products congruent to accepted standards, special attention should be paid to elimination of rejects. Wide spread of this concept has led to unreasonable growth of supervising personnel. Up to 40 and more percent of strength of workers involved in manufacture, that in its turn has caused irrational increase of expenses for quality management and, hence, has lowered efficiency of production. As a result in twenties the attention of managers has moved from rejection of production in the process of its yield to quality control in the process of manufacture. The most significant role of this stage was played by Mr.

Former president of South Africa Essay Example for Free

Former president of South Africa Essay My friends and I had joined and have been a member of the African National Congress for a long time. Our non-stop mission is to remove apartheid. Since 1944, when I had just joined the antiapartheid organization ANC, we have been trying to talk with the government officials about the unfairness and the disadvantages of apartheid. Our non-violent mission to get rid of apartheid seems to go nowhere. The United Nations and the United States, too, is backing us up with our couple of hundred black colored folks. Since the government is mostly white dominated, they wouldnt listen to our concerns because removing apartheid would be a great disadvantage for them. Most factory or company owners are white. Removing apartheid would mean that they would have to pay the blacks and the colored folks the same money since right now white people get more paid than us. This is just one of the many things the whites would suffer if an antiapartheid nation was formed. In the footsteps of Mohandas Gandhi we pursue a non-violent protest. I was not a messiah, but an ordinary man who had become a leader because of extraordinary circumstances. Clearly, one could draw the point on how miserable our lives were and under these circumstances you suffer greatly or stand up for your culture, stand up for your country and the meaning of our tribes. A changing world demands redefinition of old concepts. Africa, first step where humans took on this planet and we follow the biblical rules. I detest racialism, because I regard it as a barbaric thing, whether it comes from a black man or a white man. Dear Journal: November 1962 This is my first night in prison. I do not write to you in shame since I believe to be lucky enough to escape hanging. I am currently imprisoned at Robben Island with some of my colleagues for protesting against the true Africans not having any democratic rights, which wiped out the possibility of bringing peace to South Africa. We Africans do not even have any of the Basic Human Rights. We are born with these rights and unless we give them up  for a certain type of government they are ours to keep. Us not having any human rights was an unarguable point since at Sharpeville in March of 1960 the police fired at an African crowd and killing 67. Most of them were shot in the back. No one in his right senses would choose such a life, but there comes a time when a man is denied the right to live a normal life, when he can only live the life of an outlaw because the government had so decreed to use the law. I could have continued with my life with what I was taught to do in life; fight, and since I was almost considerably a professional boxer I could have made good money and have a high-social life. But I chose to fight for our Basic Human rights, bring peace and end apartheid. And is this what I get for trying to get equal rights? I have been sentenced for life in this forbidding, desolate place. This was my home. It was so big at the time. I dont know why it is so small now. I am treated harshly in this place. We do not receive healthy food and we have to work in a lime quarry. I can only write letters no longer than 500 words every six months and eventually I was able to talk with Winnie my dearest wife. We were not allowed to read books nor newspapers so the only way I could get information about what is going outside was through Winnie and her letters. Dear Journal:December 27, 1988 You could say Im getting used to my imprisonment. Since December, I was moved to a cottage at Victor Verster Prison. The reason I believe why the government moved me to this comfortable prison is because; back in August, when I became very ill the government was afraid that if I died there would be a massive revolt. Because of my enormous popular support, I was taken to one of the best medical centers in the country. When in October I felt better, I was moved here. I feel much safer and more comfortable. This was just a prison farm even with a swimming pool. At least I do not have to work on fixing roads and collecting seaweed on hot summer days. During the winter, back at Robben Island, we worked at Limestone Quarry and after 10 years of labor my doctor told me that I shouldnt lift so hard. The South African Government published my photos to show how much comfort I was living in. After all the restrictions I have received, these were the first photos of myself since 1966. In the name of the law, I found myself treated as a  criminalnot because of what I had done, but because of what I stood for, because of my conscience. After all I did expect them to treat me harshly, I was the one of few man who stood up for my country and because of what I was trying to accomplish made it so unbearable towards the government. I have fought against white domination, and I have fought against black domination. I have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together in harmony and with equal opportunities. It is an ideal, which I hope to live for and to achieve. But if needs be it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die. The United Nations Article states that all men shall have the basic human right, independence and equal treatment. So I shall receive that right. Dear Journal:August 17, 1984 I have been telling you about in how horrible living conditions that black people live in. But maybe you dont exactly know what they are. Well let me tell you a broad definition of apartheid. Apartheid was a law unfair to black people in South Africa and it was made even before I was born. It limited our civil rights. We couldnt vote nor have proper jobs. We endured bad housing such as slums with no electricity or pluming. Black people were arrested most of the time for no major particular reason and put into really bad prisons. So now you know why it is so important for me to end apartheid. A man who takes away another mans freedom is a prisoner of hatred, he is locked behind bars of prejudice and narrow-mindedness.The oppressed and the oppressor alike are robbed of their humanity. After 20 years at Robben Island, the states most guarded prison, my people were asking for my independence. In my isolation section, I was secretly able to keep track of what was going on at the outside world. According to the information I received, newspapers started writing headlines such as FREE MANDELA and LET MANDELA GO. I was so respected and recognized that the whole world started to notice how much the people wanted to free me. What I dont understand is why they waited so long. It was hard to know what was going on but I made it my business to keep track of what was happening in my nation and in the world. The United States and Great Britain were naming streets and parks after me. I didnt realize till today how people looked up to me  and considered me important, for what I have tried to do and will still try; end apartheid. Human rights groups and Universities gave me honors and awards but it was impossible for them to ever reach me. Its not like theyre papers which could be sneaked in, well I will just have to wait till I receive my independence. Dear Journal:May 11, 1994 Yesterday was one the happiest days of my life. I was the president of South America. After 27 years if suffering in prisons. After the next 4 years of my release I had been involved in rebels against the government, beside my followers. These last 4 years chaotic and violent. My supporters fought viciously with the Inkatha Party of the Zulu chief Gatsha Buthelezi. Many were killed on their side but unfortunately so did many on our side. When in 1986 I started to make negotiations with Botha I had refused his deal to give me my freedom under such conditions where I had to live in Transkei, reject violence and many other things. If I accepted these conditions just for my freedom, it would be a violation of what I stand for in my spot at the ANC. I kept it a secret till when I had to tell my friends so they could help me get my freedom and I could do well for my nation. The new President of South Africa and leader of the National Party, F.W. de Klerk, in the end decided to release myself and the other political prisoners. He also made ANC legal so I when I asked him for my freedom he released me. On February, 1990 I was released. But my joyful days werent over yet. A general election was held in April, 1994. And about a year after the elections, yesterday I became the new and first black president of South America. Never, never, and never again shall it be that this beautiful land will again experience the oppression of one by another. The sun shall never set on so glorious a human achievement. Let freedom reign. God bless Africa! The people were dependant on me because they knew that I would spare a civil war and follow whatever the ANC says to do so. As the people saw me end apartheid along F.W. de Klerk back in 1993 and received the Nobel Peace price, they expected me to bring many other good reforms. I promise to change the whole perception towards black people.

Odysseus Lessons :: essays research papers

On Odysseus journey home, he learned many lessons as on of them†¦he learned that he needs the help of others. His men for instance helped him fight in the Trojan War. They put together a large horse to sit and wait in, and in a building where the Trojans were celebrating, for they thought they had won the war. Once everybody was asleep, they got out of the horse, and started to attack everybody and killed everybody that was in sight. They won the war without losing any men in the group. Another way he helped was by his men rowing their boats to all the places so they could get more information on how to get home to Ithaca. One of many gods that helped him was Aedus. Aedus gave him a bag of bad winds to get him home to Ithaca. All the winds were in the bag except for the west wind. The west wind will get him and his men home safely unless the bag is opened. If the bags of winds were to open all the winds would get out, and Odysseus would get turned back even further away from Ithaca.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Odysseus learned many lessons during his journey home to Ithaca. One of his lessons was that he got some wisdom. While on his journey he learned how to get around things the hard way. Instead of going through on land and on a pathway he went through water, and which the water gods would try to kill him. He got through safely with most of his men, and then they got into another situation just like the whole story. Another lesson he got was courage. The courage came from fighting all the monsters of evil. There were huge man-eating flowers inside a cave. He lost six men, but got through the rest of the cave with all his men. They were deadly gods who tried to kill his crew but only Odysseus survives. And he floated to an island where he was captured for days, but to us was years. With his courage, he built a boat and sailed off to another island for help. And that is what he got, help. Without these two things, he would have depended on the gods instead of himself.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One other lesson is that he learned was to trust. And to trust the gods that

Payment security Essay

A business going online can face many diffuculties. These problems include payment security; unfamiliar markets; errors in ordering; loss of personal information; hostile attacks; keeping the website up-to-date; language problems/issues; hardware failure; staffing issues and financial issues. Payment Security When a customer buys a product by either debt or credit card they are be trusting the business with their personal details to be kept safe and confidentioal. Sellers are also not safe because they could be a victim of Card Not Present (CNP) fraud, this is where someone is using someone else’s card details to buy goods online. They may not have the card physically on them, but all they need is just the details of the card to be able to purchase. This can be kept safe by specific security standards. SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) this encrypts the information in a browser eg: Internet Explorer which protects the consumers who can see a padlock symbol and also a ‘https’ on the address bar.SET (Secure Electronic Transfer) also protects the seller since the credit card company authorises the card to prove that the person using the card is legitimate. The seller does not know the card number, only to the card’s issuing bank. Unfamiliar Markets This is where a website is available everywhere and the company could be dealing with consumers in unfamiliar markets. Also with different cultural expectations, accuring with unfamiliar regulations and also legal requirements should be dealt with. The business may not understand the popularity of its website, or the number of orders it will receive or even the costs of running the online operations or more so the distributing goods. If the business doesn’t meet orders promptly it will rapidly lose customers and may even be left with unsold stock or even struggle to repay money borrowed to be able to finance the website development. Errors in ordering Order forms online are to be designed to automatically check fot any errors by questioning unexpected entries and boxes left blank. Also they should be designed to remind the consumer if they leave out any information Loss of personal information An online compay is not allowed to put private information on its website or reveal customer details to other customers or viewers. This is why websites include a privacy policy which says how customer information is used by only the business. All companys that keep and also process private information must register with the Information Commissioner’s Office and have to follow with the Data Protection Act 1998 which means that the data must be all accurate, secure and should not be kept for longer than necessary. There are manu aways data can be lost like through human error, hardware failure, or loss or theft and software corruption as well as computer virus. A daily system back-ups a business to enable the reinstall in its system within 24 hours of any problem occurring. Hostile attacks Business are vulnerable to hackers or other types of cybercrime. Financial fraud occurs when a customer or business is denied of money that is theirs. Keeping the website up-to-date Businessess need to update their website from time to time to make sure that the information they have is accurate and reliable eg: product descriptions and prices. All companies have a legal requirement to provide pricise and up to date information. Most websites have a disclaimer clause to protect the problem if a customer takes action based on wrong information. Language problems/issues Some buyers from multinational online business may not understand. These can be fixed by the firms using a local agent who specialises in overseas sales or they can have enquiries translated by an expert. Hardware failure All people who use computers depend on their Internet Service Provider. If that is lost, then it can cause many problems for the business especially if it’s offline for long. Many businesses have back-up servers that they can switch if one server goes down. Software problems may be caused by programming errors or through a virus. To stop this the, business installs an anti-virus software and network security. Staffing Issues Staff may be concerned that their jobs could be changed or disappear. Most companises have a call centre to answer customer queries. The staff now may feel that they may not have much personal contact with consumers as they now can order things online or email the company if they want information or they could contact a call centre if they have a question. Financial Issues Having to set up a small website can be done not very high priced but companies who like to carry out big amounts of companies online or use their website as a extreamly important way of promoting their business can be expensive. Also, having to calculate the estimated financial benefits is hard. The set-up expenses includes having to register the domain name, to be able to arrang for an ISP to host the site (if not being done in-house), having to pay the agency having specialists to design the website, the marketing and promotional costs (so that potential customers can acknowledge the website) and is nessary any staff training requirements. All companies go online to make more trade. There may be a problem if there is a massive flow of interest in the business. This could cause the site to crash or can make it run slowly and if there is not much stock or very few staff to process them, then the orders and enquiries may not be dealt with. Just simply by buying more stock or even employing more staff could result in a bad cash-flow problems. If the business gets a bad reputation online, it will lose customers rather than gain any. Task 2 (P6, M2) Business benefits The market research information from online enquires are all obtained and looked over for many different reasons. The logs and cookies collect all the information on site usage; eventhough users can see their browsers to close the cookies and also many sites don’t use them. Logs, however, are made by all websites this is because they are the records that are created by the web server. Records include the number of hits it has made, the number of visitors it had or even unique users to a website, and how long they have stayed on the site. Some ISPs look at their log file data for consumers while others provide a software and the compnay produces its own reports. Registration forms also allowe the business to find out about the who is  visiting their site, where the peson lives and also what they need. The onnline market research can go from small pop-up questionnaires (which assess a user’s online experience) to produce longer customer service questionnaires which is sent by email and then once they are completed, they are looked at to provide more market information. The website activity software finds which search engines get customers onto the website; also which pages are popular and also which landing pages result in users going off the website eg: a lengthy form or even registration page. Having access to a whole new markets can include having a remote locations such as rural areas or even Highlands and the Islands of Scotland (if they have Internet access). A new markets could also have customers which have disabilities who may have problems(mobility) or customers who are recovering from surgery or who camt go out as they are ill with a cold or flu. So having the internet provides easy and quicker access to a large range of information and fine priced products from their own homes. Under the Disability Discrimination Act, people in charge of websites are to have legal duty to make sure that the services they give on the Internet is available for disabled people. Customers which have travel difficulties e.g. mothers with young babies, the elderly. Meaning that the customers will not be able to go the shops physically as to the inconvenience it would cause them so it would be suitable for them to buy online. It would also be quicker and easier to buy things online and also receive information from the Internet. Having access from a wide range of devices can also make site be viewed from anywhere. Phones with internet accses, laptops and a Wi-Fi hotspot when they are not at home. Customer Benefits Having a wider choice is a great benefit for people who live in small town or even rural areas as they are able to view information online and they can also see what goods are available in store as they don’t live in places the stores aren’t available. Convenience is a massive benefit because having the internet, it is more easier to search and to order online than to have to travel to the shop. All online businesses are also very beneficial to the people who come home late from their work or those who are simply too busy in the day to shop. Websites that are available 24/7 helps those who are  busy as it would be easier for them to order online to make their life less stress. It also benefits busy families as all they need to so is simply sit with their computer/phone/laptop and just shop there and then. People with disabilities or special needs can also benefit from the online businesses as they also don’t have to go to the shops for hours just to look for one thing as they may get tired, so online businesses make their life easier. There are several ways to pay securely eg: over the internet, through log details and PayPal. Task 3 (D2) Risks Solutions Payment security Improving the security of the cardholder – they have entered the correct pin number, also asking them what their last payment on the card was to make sure it is the actual cardholder before any confirmations Unfamiliar markets Having an option where your website is available in many different languages . Also having the currency of different countries. Errors in ordering Having a database where you can store all the customers’ details eg: name, address, order and shipping date this will prevent any mix up with the orders. Making sure all the correct orders are going to the right address, the staff should always double check before they ship goods and also after the delivery; staff should alwaysa ask the customer if they ordered the goods. Loss of personal information Websites should never put personal information on the website as other users can see. All personal deatils should be kept confidential. Do not give personal information in emails and all customer details should be all kept in a secure files or database. Not keeping the website up to date If there is a new offer, or even price reduction, websites should include or change it in their website. In order for them to achieve this, the owner of  the website will have to check up on the website everyday for atleast a few hours to sort any latest information out and to also keep customers update to their products. If they do this, websites will become known for its reliability. Hardware failure Backup server is when the main server is down it can help prevent any hardware failure. Also making sure you have antivirus on the website and a network security which helps because there could be programming errors or even viruses that could potentionally change or delete information. Staffing issues In call centres, the staff can offer a call centre in which it support people and also trained staff can talk to customers so they can resolve any faults or connection problems. To get aways from having not much of personal contact with customers, staff should always stay and help the customers out. If they start off helping at first they then can build a better trust with them. Staff can also keep in touch with the customers and also stay with them until all their purchase is complete. To avoid any staff being unable to work with the technology, you can make sure all staff are capable with all the latest technology. Financial issues Having a small business can be a good thing as you won’t have to be spending as much money and you would also have a bigger income in which it can help you expand your business and it can also prevent you from having any financial issues in the future. If you start with a big business, you may not be getting much interaction and instead of making any profit, you’ll be making a loss instead. Therefore, starting out as a small business is the best way to avoid any financial issues. The business may think to much for their stock where there is not much for it this can impact on the company as it then will be making a loss. To prevent any of this, you may want to estimate very logically and sensibly. Payment Security This method help as you are able to know for sure who you are actually dealing with the real cardholder and to also avoid any fraud. The  likeliness of the problem going down is high as you will need a pin number as well as a security question if you are to forget it. Unfamiliar markets This method helps as it is available to different people all around the world. The likeliness of the problem going down is likely as you are sure that you have the option available just in case you do get someone not from the country that is viewing website. Errors in ordering The solution to having errors in ordering will decrease the risk as having a database with the customer’s name, an order and a order number and address will reduce the risk. This will make sure that the staff will know exactly who is ordering and what they have bought. Loss of personal information From having anything lost it should be be stored somewhere private where it’s not available for the public eye. It can be reduced and also the effectiveness of the method is good as long as information on the business website has nothing personal and is kept private. Not keeping the website up to date Customers will know always know the latest information and changes in your business. This is very important as it will help in the success of the business going online as the customers will feel that the business is reliable and up-to-date. Hardware failure Having a hardware and protecting it well and also a back up system will be a very good way of reducing the risks from hardware. Using these methods to solve the problem is effective for a business. This will effect as having a back up copy of all the information if it gets lost or deleted. Staffing issues The method for staffing issues are that the staff are able to communicate better with the customers and also have more of a personal approach with them, e.g. emailing requesting orders or deliveries. With the solution it is likely that the risk will reduce if staff has a personal email in which they are able to contact customers individually. Financial issues To not have problems of facing financial issues, by starting a small business instead of a large one can still be very beneficial. It is very likely that a business will not go into financial issues and will also not have to suffer from.